Causes of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is primarily caused by persistent infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus. The main causes and risk factors include:

1. HPV Infection 

High-risk HPV types: Certain strains—particularly HPV types 16 and 18—account for the majority of cervical cancer cases.

2. Other Risk Factors

Weakened immune system: Conditions such as HIV/AIDS or the use of immunosuppressive therapy increase the risk.

Smoking: Associated with a higher risk of cervical cancer.

Long-term use of oral contraceptives: Taking them for five years or longer may raise the risk.

Multiple full-term pregnancies: Having several full-term pregnancies increases the likelihood of developing cervical cancer.

Early sexual activity: Beginning sexual activity at a young age increases the chance of HPV infection.

Multiple sexual partners: Having multiple partners raises the risk of HPV exposure.

History of sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Previous STIs can heighten the risk.

3. Genetic Factors

Family history: Individuals with a family history of cervical cancer may have a higher risk.

Understanding these causes and risk factors is essential for prevention and early detection.